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توصيف مقررات الدراسات العليا |
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(1 Crs.) |
Animal Genetics |
8500 |
The student is expected to undertake a thorough library search
and to write a report on a specific topic which may be either
related to the student’s research project or to his/her field of
specialization. Presentation of the report and participation in
group discussions of other reports are essential.
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(2 Crs.) |
Research
Methodology |
8501 |
Introduction to laboratory work and its tools. Health and safety
in laboratories. Basic laboratory techniques and procedures.
Experimental design to include control and replicates. Samples
and sampling. Collecting, fixing and preserving animals.
Developing observation skills. Introduction to microscopy.
Photography and photographs. Using biological systems. Analysis
and presentation of data. The use of animals in research.
General aspects of scientific writing. Organizing a poster
display; giving an oral presentation; writing essays; sitting
exams. Finding and using literature references.
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(2 Crs.) |
Special
Topics |
8502 |
The course covers in detail selected topics that have not been
studied in other scheduled courses. It may thus be registered by
students of any one of the specializations, and requires the
supervisor’s consent. The supervisor or tutor(s) should provide
the department with the title and written syllabus of the
suggested topic for approval. The number of credit hours is to
be fixed by the course instructor and may not exceed 3. This
course may include, whenever necessary, some irregular
laboratory periods.
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Animal Genetics
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8510 |
Animal Genetics |
(3 Cr.) |
Gene segregation in
organisms. Multiple alleles. Sex determination and
sex linkage. Nature of gene. Polygenic inheritance. Gene and
chromosome mutations. Gene frequencies in populations.
Recombinant DNA. Transgenic animals.
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(3 Cr.) |
Cytogenetics |
8511 |
The architecture of the chromosome. Chromosome morphology. Types
of chromosomes. Chemical structure and chromosome replication.
Changes in chromosomal behaviour during mitotic and meiotic
division. Crossing-over. Variation in chromosome structure and
number. Agents affecting the occurrence and frequency of
chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomes and sex etermination.
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(3 Cr.) |
Molecular genetics |
8512 |
Genome structure. Gene coding and expression. Molecular genetic
variation. Gene mapping. DNA fingerprinting. Gene cloning and
insertion. Transgenics
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(3 Cr.) |
Quantitative Genetics |
8513 |
Population genetics. Gene frequency. Change due to selection and
genetic drift. Genetic basis of quantitative traits.
Heritability. Correlation amongst relatives. Selection in short
and long term. Design and analysis of selection experiments.
Genetic correlations. Fitness inbreeding depression and
heterosis.
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(3
Cr.) |
Physiology |
8520 |
Cell physiology. Nerve and muscle. Neurophysiology.
Cardiovascular physiology. Respiration. Renal physiology. Acid
base Balance. Thermoregulation. Digestion and metabolism.
Endocrinology. Reproduction.
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(3
Cr.)
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Digestion
and Metabolism |
8521 |
General principles of gastrointestinal functions. Transport and
mixing of food in the alimentary tract. Secretory functions of
the alimentary tract. Digestion and absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract. Metabolism and temperature regulation.
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(3
Crs.) |
Endocrinology and Reproduction |
8522 |
Brain peptides. Hypothalamic control of the pituitary. Feedback
mechanisms. Response to changes in external and internal
environments. Endocrine glands. Detailed study of the structure
and function of male organs. Male hormones and behaviour.
Evaluation of semen. Structural-functional-chemical details of
the female organs. Changes in hormones and behaviour. Pregnancy.
Parturition. Lactation. Techniques in reproduction: in vitro
matuartion of ovum; activation of sperm; in vitro fertilization;
embryo freezing and transfer; embryo sexing and blastomere
separation.
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(3
Crs.) |
Avian
Physiology |
8523 |
Introduction. Special aspects of anatomy of birds. Haematology.
Avian nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Respiration. Fluid
balance and renal function. Digestion. Thermoregulation.
Endocrinology. Reproduction. Physiology of the egg.
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(3 Crs.) |
Comparative Physiology |
8524 |
Detailed study of the comparative aspects related to the main
morphological-functional entities of representative animal
species. Simple stomach and ruminant mammals, avian, desert and
aquatic vertebrates as well as selected invertebrates will be
within the scope of investigation. Topics deal with cellular
metabolic reactions. The fundamental physiological features of
the nervous, locomotor, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive,
renal and reproductive systems will be emphasized. Students are
expected to present reports on selected topics and to
participate in group discussions of such reports.
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(3 Crs.) |
Neurophysiology |
8525 |
Design and basic function of the nervous system. Nerves,
junctions and reflexes. Somesthetic sensory mechanisms. Special
senses. Regulation of motor activity. Visceromotor control.
Temperature regulation and environmental physiology.
Neurophysiology of consciousness. Behavioural physiology.
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(3 Crs.) |
Pathophysiology |
8526 |
Indroduction. Disorders of the immune system. Infectious
diseases and Neoplasia. Blood disorders. Nervous system
disorders. Diseases of the skin. Pulmonary disease. Heart
disease. Vascular disease. Disorders of endocrine glands.
Gastrointestinal disease. Liver disease. Disorders of the
exocrine pancreas. Renal disease.
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(3 Crs) |
Advanced Systematic Entomology |
8530 |
The science of Taxonomy. Theories of biological classification
and their history. The hierarchy of categories and the higher
taxa. Taxonomic characters. The species category. The polytypic
species, population systematic and infraspecific categories.
Taxonomic decisions on species level. The procedure of
classifying. Classification, nomenclature and identification.
The rules of Zoological nomenclature. Interpretation of the
rules of nomenclature. Taxonomic publication.
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(3 Crs.) |
Insect Morphology |
8531 |
General body form. Segmentation and the integument. Body wall
processes. Molting. The head and its segmental appendages. The
thorax. Thorax appendages. Wing venation. The abdomen.
Alimentary canal. Excretory structures. Respiratory system.
Circulatory system. Haemolymph and haemocyte. Nervous system.
Association centers of the brain and sensory organs. Auditory
organs. Reproductive systems. Muscles.
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(3 Crs.) |
Insect Physiology |
8532 |
Embryonic development. The integument. Growth and
differentiation. Respiration. Digestive system. Excretion.
Nutrition and metabolism. Reproduction. Muscles and movement.
The nervous system. The endocrine system.
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(3 Crs.) |
Insect Ecology |
8533 |
Definitions and history of ecology. Natural selection and
natural balance. Host selection and host specificity. Population
dynamics. Ecological genetics. Trophic relationship. Demography.
Population growth and life tables. Strategies in reproduction.
The niche concept. Intraspecific and interspecific competition.
Social systems and behaviour. Pollination ecology. Diapause.
Factors affecting distribution and abundance of insects.
Biotic potential. Environmental resistance and population
equilibrium. Biological attributes of population. Methods of
determining population size. Density dependent and density
independent population action in population control.
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(3 Crs.) |
Insect Pathology |
8534 |
Infectious and non-infectious diseases of insects such as
injuries, nutrition and metabolic disturbances. Epizootiology of
insect diseases. Resistance and immunity of insects against
diseases. Different kinds of microbiota (bacteria, fungi,
viruses, protozoa) pathogenic to insects.
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(3 Crs.) |
Integrated Pest Management |
8535 |
General principles of pest management. Strategies and tactics in
pest management. Examples of insect pests of Libyan plants and
animals. Present and future of pest management in Libya.
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8540 |
Advanced Histology |
(3 Crs.) |
Introduction and Definitions. Epithelial
Tissues. Connective tissue. Blood and bone
marrow. Muscular tissues. Nervous tissue.
Cardiovascular system. Lymphatic system.
Respiratory system. Digestive system. Urinary
system. Female reproductive system. Male
reproductive system. Endocrine system. Organs of
special sense.
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8541 |
Advanced Embryology |
(3 Crs.) |
Gametogenesis. Fertilization. Cleavage.
Gastrulation. Neurulation. Extraembryonic
structures. Development of the nervous system.
Muscular development. Development of the
skeletal system. Development of the digestive
system. Development of the respiratory system.
Development of the circulatory system.
Development of the excretory system. Development
of the reproductive system. Regeneration.
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8542 |
Histochemistry |
(3 Crs.) |
Observation of living tissues. Tissue culture
and transplantation. Autoradiography. Acidic and
basic stains. Immunocytochemistry.
Neurotransmitters and synapses. Metachromasia.
Histochemistry of proteins, lipids, minerals and
enzymes. Histopathology of some organs.
Histochemistry of nucleic acids. Histochemistry
of selective tissues.
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8550 |
Invertebrates |
(3 Crs.) |
Recent Invertebrate classification. Movement and fibrils. Muscle
filaments and myonemes. Flagella and cilia. Movement and
hydrostatics. Principles of hydrostatic skeleton in Cnidaria,
Ctenophora, Porifera, Platyhelminthes and Nematoda. Movement,
hydrostatics and coelom. Significance of coelom. Movement and
metamerism. Significance of metamerism. Locomotion of
Oligochaeta and Polychaeta. Movement and Arthropodisation.
Skeleton of Arthropoda. Locomotion of Arthropoda, Mollusca and
Echinodermata. Nutrition in Protozoa, Parazoa and Metazoa.
Respiration. Excretion. Advanced circulatory and nervous systems
and chemical co-ordination in Invertebrates. Endocrine glands of
Invertebrate animals. Reproduction.
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(3 Crs.) |
Parasitology I |
8570 |
The study of parasitic and helminth parasites with regards to
the following: introduction; classification; diagnostic
morphology; ultrastructure; pathogenesis; methods of
transmission; host-parasite relationships; a brief mention of
treatment; control and prevention. Emphasis is made on native
and endemic infections.
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(3 Crs.) |
Parasitology II |
8571 |
Epidemiology, biochemistry, physiology, nutrition and immunology
of parasites and parasitic infections. Components of control
programmes and development of integrated control programmes.
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(3 Crs.) |
Veterinary Parasitology |
8572 |
Aims and importance of the course. Economic loss due to animal
parasites. Zoonotic importance of parasites of domestic animals.
The etiology, epidemiology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical
findings, diagnosis, treatment, and control of animal diseases
caused by protozoa, helminths, as well sas those caused by
arthropods will be covered. Major consideration will be given to
those diseases prevalent among Libyan livestock.
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(3 Crs.) |
Toxicology |
8580 |
General patterns of pesticide use. Evaluation of toxicity.
Classification of insecticides. Mode of action of insecticides.
Carbamates. Metabolism of insecticides. Entry of insecticides
into animal systems. Dynamics of insecticidal movement within
the animal body. Hazards of insecticides to man and domestic
animals.
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(3 Crs.) |
Pollution Biology |
8581 |
Assessment of toxicity. Metabolism of toxic substances by
animals. Atmospheric toxicants. Pesticides. Toxic metals.
Chlorofluorocarbon. Movement of insecticides in the environment.
Movement of residues in the environment. Environmental
alterations of insecticide residues.
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(3 Crs.) |
Pesticide Ecology |
8582 |
Insecticides, herbicides, fungicides. Insecticides and the
Arthropod fauna. Insecticides and soil invertebrates. Effects of
insecticides on soil macro-arthropods. Effects of insecticides
on earthworms, slugs and nematodes. Fungicide effects on soil
microflora, invertebrates and vertebrates. Herbicide effects on
invertebrate and vertebrate fauna, and soil microflora. Effects
of pesticides on wildlife.
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(3 Crs.) |
Advanced Comparative Anatomy |
8591 |
The vertebrate body. Protochordates. Parade of the vertebrates.
Early vertebrate morphogenesis. Skin. Vertebrate skeleton. The
vertebrate skull. The appendicular skeleton. Muscles. Digestive
system. Respiratory system. Circulatory system. Urinogenital
system. Nervous system. Sense organs. Endocrine organs.
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(3 Crs.) |
Dissertation |
8599 |
Students are asked to write a dissertation on a subject chosen
in close consultation with the supervisor, which must be
submitted at least, three years after the start of the course,
or within the full time allocated by the University (including
extensions). This dissertation will account for 6 credit hours
of the total hours accomplished by the graduate student.
Student’s are encouraged to begin trial experiments related to
their research work at an early stage, to counteract shortages
in facilities. However, actual work on the project should not
begin before 50% of the course work has been attempted, and
successfully completed.
Each student will be assigned a supervisor with whom he/she
should maintain constant contact, both during the
execution of the laboratory and / or field work and the
writing of the dissertation. The supervisor will also guide the
progress of the student during the entire period of his/her
candidature.
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